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                    Introduction
            
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                    第1章 你好，并发世界
            
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                    1.1 何谓并发
            
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                    1.2 为什么使用并发
            
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                    1.3 并发和多线程
            
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                    1.5 本章总结
            
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                    第2章 线程管理
            
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                    2.1 线程的基本操作
            
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                    2.2 传递参数
            
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                    2.3 转移所有权
            
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                    2.4 确定线程数量
            
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                    2.5 线程标识
            
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                    2.6 本章总结
            
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                    第3章 共享数据
            
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                    3.1 共享数据的问题
            
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                    3.2 使用互斥量
            
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                    3.3 保护共享数据的方式
            
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                    3.4 本章总结
            
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                    第4章 同步操作
            
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                    4.1 等待事件或条件
            
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                    4.2 使用future
            
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                    4.3 限时等待
            
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                    4.4 简化代码
            
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                    4.5 本章总结
            
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                    第5章 内存模型和原子操作
            
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                    5.1 内存模型
            
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                    5.2 原子操作和原子类型
            
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                    5.3 同步操作和强制排序
            
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                    5.4 本章总结
            
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                    第6章 设计基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.1 并发设计的意义
            
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                    6.2 基于锁的并发数据结构
            
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                    6.3 设计更加复杂的数据结构
            
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                    6.4 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../chapter7/7.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第7章 设计无锁的并发数据结构
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../chapter7/7.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    7.1 定义和意义
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../chapter7/7.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    7.2 无锁数据结构的例子
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../chapter7/7.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    7.3 设计无锁数据结构的指导建议
            
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                    7.4 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../chapter8/8.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第8章 并发设计
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../chapter8/8.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    8.1 线程间划分工作
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../chapter8/8.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    8.2 并发代码的性能
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../chapter8/8.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    8.3 为多线程性能设计数据结构
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../chapter8/8.4-chinese.html">
            
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                    8.4 设计并发代码的注意事项
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.5" data-path="../chapter8/8.5-chinese.html">
            
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                    8.5 在实践中设计并发代码
            
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                    8.6 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16" data-path="../chapter9/9.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第9章 高级线程管理
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16.1" data-path="../chapter9/9.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    9.1 线程池
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16.2" data-path="../chapter9/9.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    9.2 中断线程
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.16.3" data-path="../chapter9/9.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    9.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17" data-path="../chapter10/10.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第10章 并行算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.1" data-path="../chapter10/10.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.1 并行化标准库算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.2" data-path="../chapter10/10.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.2 执行策略
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.3" data-path="../chapter10/10.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.3 C++标准库中的并行算法
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.17.4" data-path="../chapter10/10.4-chinese.html">
            
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                    10.4 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18" data-path="../chapter11/11.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    第11章 测试和调试多线程应用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.1" data-path="../chapter11/11.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.1 与并发相关的Bug
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.2" data-path="../chapter11/11.2-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.2 定位并发Bug的技巧
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.18.3" data-path="../chapter11/11.3-chinese.html">
            
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                    11.3 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19" data-path="../appendix_A/A.0-chinese.html">
            
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                    附录A C++11特性简明参考(部分)
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.1" data-path="../appendix_A/A.1-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.1 右值引用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.2" data-path="../appendix_A/A.2-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_A/A.2-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    A.2 删除函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.3" data-path="../appendix_A/A.3-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_A/A.3-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    A.3 默认函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.4" data-path="../appendix_A/A.4-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_A/A.4-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    A.4 常量表达式函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.5" data-path="../appendix_A/A.5-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.5 Lambda函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.6" data-path="../appendix_A/A.6-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.6 变参模板
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.7" data-path="../appendix_A/A.7-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.7 自动推导变量类型
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.8" data-path="../appendix_A/A.8-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.8 线程本地变量
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.9" data-path="../appendix_A/A.9-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_A/A.9-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    A.9 模板类参数的推导
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.19.10" data-path="../appendix_A/A.10-chinese.html">
            
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                    A.10 本章总结
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.20" data-path="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix_B/B.0-chinese.html">
            
                    
                    附录B 并发库简要对比
            
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                    附录C 消息传递框架与完整的ATM示例
            
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                    附录D C++线程类库参考
            
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                    D.1 chrono头文件
            
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                    D.2 condition_variable头文件
            
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                    D.3 atomic头文件
            
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                    D.6 ratio头文件
            
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                    D.7 thread头文件
            
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                                <h1 id="31-&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">3.1 &#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h1>
<p>&#x6D89;&#x53CA;&#x5230;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x6240;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x53EA;&#x8BFB;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x66F4;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x5F53;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x8981;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x9EBB;&#x70E6;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C0F;&#x5FC3;&#x8C28;&#x614E;&#xFF0C;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x90FD;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;(invariants)&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x5BF9;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x4EEC;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;&#x201C;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x9879;&#x6570;&#x201D;&#x3002;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F1A;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53CC;&#x94FE;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x524D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8282;&#x70B9;A&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x201C;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x201D;&#x8282;&#x70B9;B&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x524D;&#x5411;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x4ECE;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E24;&#x8FB9;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x90FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x8FB9;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x4E86;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x8FB9;&#x4E5F;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E24;&#x8FB9;&#x90FD;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5C31;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;(&#x5982;&#x56FE;3.1)</p>
<p>   a. &#x627E;&#x5230;&#x8981;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;N</p>
<p>   b. &#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x524D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x6307;&#x5411;N&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x6307;&#x5411;N&#x7684;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;</p>
<p>   c. &#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x6307;&#x5411;N&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x6B63;&#x6307;&#x5411;N&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;</p>
<p>   d. &#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8282;&#x70B9;N</p>
<p><img src="../../images/chapter3/3-1.png" alt=""></p>
<p>&#x56FE;3.1 &#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53CC;&#x94FE;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;</p>
<p>&#x56FE;&#x4E2D;b&#x548C;c&#x5728;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x548C;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x4E86;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5728;&#x4E8E;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x906D;&#x5230;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x3002;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x6709;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5C31;&#x6709;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5230;&#x521A;&#x521A;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E00;&#x8FB9;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x4E86;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5C31;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x5230;&#x8981;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;(&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x8FB9;&#x7684;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x88AB;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x56FE;3.1(b))&#x3002;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x540E;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x6309;&#x4ECE;&#x5DE6;&#x5230;&#x53F3;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x8DF3;&#x8FC7;&#x88AB;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x6709;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x56FE;&#x4E2D;&#x53F3;&#x8FB9;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x8BA9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x6C38;&#x4E45;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x635F;&#x574F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4F7F;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5D29;&#x6E83;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x4E2D;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF1A;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;(race condition)&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="311-&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;">3.1.1 &#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;</h2>
<p>&#x5047;&#x5982;&#x4F60;&#x53BB;&#x4E00;&#x5BB6;&#x5927;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x9662;&#x4E70;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x7968;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x6536;&#x94F6;&#x53F0;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x4EBA;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4E70;&#x7968;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6536;&#x94F6;&#x53F0;&#x4E5F;&#x5728;&#x5356;&#x4F60;&#x60F3;&#x770B;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x7684;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x7968;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x5EA7;&#x4F4D;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x53D6;&#x51B3;&#x4E8E;&#x5728;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5DF2;&#x9884;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x5EA7;&#x4F4D;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5C11;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5EA7;&#x4F4D;&#x5269;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x573A;&#x62A2;&#x7968;&#x6BD4;&#x8D5B;&#xFF0C;&#x770B;&#x8C01;&#x80FD;&#x62A2;&#x5230;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x5F20;&#x7968;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x5EA7;&#x4F4D;(&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x7968;)&#x90FD;&#x53D6;&#x51B3;&#x4E8E;&#x8D2D;&#x4E70;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x53D6;&#x51B3;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x90FD;&#x62A2;&#x7740;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x826F;&#x6027;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#xFF0C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5411;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8C01;&#x5148;&#x8C01;&#x540E;&#x90FD;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x906D;&#x5230;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x624D;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;&#x53CC;&#x5411;&#x94FE;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4E2D;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E3A;&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;(&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5BF9;&#x4E0D;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x7684;&#x826F;&#x6027;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x4E0D;&#x611F;&#x5174;&#x8DA3;)&#x3002;C++&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x4E2D;&#x4E5F;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x672F;&#x8BED;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x7684;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#xFF1A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x53BB;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;(&#x53C2;&#x89C1;5.1.2&#x8282;)&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x662F;&#x672A;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x7684;&#x8D77;&#x56E0;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x4E8E;&#x5BF9;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5757;&#x7684;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;&#x5BF9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7684;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;(&#x5982;&#x56FE;3.1)&#x3002;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x8981;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5757;&#x5C06;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5C31;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5757;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x7387;&#x4F4E;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x590D;&#x73B0;&#x3002;&#x5982;CPU&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x8FDE;&#x7EED;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#xFF0C;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x518D;&#x6B21;&#x590D;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x51E0;&#x7387;&#x4E5F;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x4F4E;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#xFF0C;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x590D;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x7387;&#x4E5F;&#x5728;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x654F;&#x611F;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4EE5;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x5E38;&#x4F1A;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x6D88;&#x5931;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4F1A;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;(&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x4E0D;&#x591A;)&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4F60;&#x4EE5;&#x5199;&#x591A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E3A;&#x751F;&#xFF0C;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x68A6;&#x9B47;&#x3002;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="312-&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;">3.1.2 &#x907F;&#x514D;&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;</h2>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x67D0;&#x79CD;&#x4FDD;&#x62A4;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x4ECE;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x5EA6;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#xFF0C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8FD8;&#x6CA1;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x3002;C++&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4F1A;&#x9010;&#x4E00;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x548C;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5B8C;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x80FD;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x5206;&#x5272;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x4E86;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6240;&#x8C13;&#x7684;&#x65E0;&#x9501;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x7EC6;&#x5FAE;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x8BA9;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x91CF;&#x53D8;&#x7684;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53BB;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;(&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&quot;&#x5904;&#x7406;&quot;&#x5C31;&#x5982;&#x540C;&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E00;&#x6837;)&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x548C;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x90FD;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x5728;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5C06;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5408;&#x5E76;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x88AB;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79F0;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x201D;(software transactional memory (STM))&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F88;&#x70ED;&#x95E8;&#x7684;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x5C06;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x4E66;&#x4E2D;&#x518D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5728;C++&#x4E2D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5BF9;STM&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x652F;&#x6301;(&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;C++&#x6709;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x6027;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x89C4;&#x8303;[1])&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4FDD;&#x62A4;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;C++&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x4E92;&#x65A5;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<hr>
<p>[1] SO/IEC TS 19841:2015&#x2014;Technical Specification for C++ Extensions for Transactional Memory <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=66343" target="_blank">http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=66343</a> .</p>

                                
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